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Documents authored by Rzazewski, Pawel

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2018.12
QPTAS and Subexponential Algorithm for Maximum Clique on Disk Graphs

Authors: Édouard Bonnet, Panos Giannopoulos, Eun Jung Kim, Pawel Rzazewski, and Florian Sikora

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 99, 34th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2018)

Abstract
A (unit) disk graph is the intersection graph of closed (unit) disks in the plane. Almost three decades ago, an elegant polynomial-time algorithm was found for Maximum Clique on unit disk graphs [Clark, Colbourn, Johnson; Discrete Mathematics '90]. Since then, it has been an intriguing open question whether or not tractability can be extended to general disk graphs. We show the rather surprising structural result that a disjoint union of cycles is the complement of a disk graph if and only if at most one of those cycles is of odd length. From that, we derive the first QPTAS and subexponential algorithm running in time 2^{O~(n^{2/3})} for Maximum Clique on disk graphs. In stark contrast, Maximum Clique on intersection graphs of filled ellipses or filled triangles is unlikely to have such algorithms, even when the ellipses are close to unit disks. Indeed, we show that there is a constant ratio of approximation which cannot be attained even in time 2^{n^{1-epsilon}}, unless the Exponential Time Hypothesis fails.
Cite as

Édouard Bonnet, Panos Giannopoulos, Eun Jung Kim, Pawel Rzazewski, and Florian Sikora. QPTAS and Subexponential Algorithm for Maximum Clique on Disk Graphs. In 34th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 99, pp. 12:1-12:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{bonnet_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2018.12,
  author =	{Bonnet, \'{E}douard and Giannopoulos, Panos and Kim, Eun Jung and Rzazewski, Pawel and Sikora, Florian},
  title =	{{QPTAS and Subexponential Algorithm for Maximum Clique on Disk Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{34th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2018)},
  pages =	{12:1--12:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-066-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{99},
  editor =	{Speckmann, Bettina and T\'{o}th, Csaba D.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2018.12},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-87259},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2018.12},
  annote =	{Keywords: disk graph, maximum clique, computational complexity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2018.27
Finding List Homomorphisms from Bounded-treewidth Graphs to Reflexive Graphs: a Complete Complexity Characterization

Authors: László Egri, Dániel Marx, and Pawel Rzazewski

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 96, 35th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2018)

Abstract
In the list homomorphism problem, the input consists of two graphs G and H, together with a list L(v) \subseteq V(H) for every vertex v \in V(G). The task is to find a homomorphism phi:V(G) -> V(H) respecting the lists, that is, we have that phi(v) \in L(v) for every v \in V(H) and if u and v are adjacent in G, then phi(u) and phi(v) are adjacent in H. If H is a fixed graph, then the problem is denoted LHom(H). We consider the reflexive version of the problem, where we assume that every vertex in H has a self-loop. If is known that reflexive LHom(H) is polynomial-time solvable if H is an interval graph and it is NP-complete otherwise [Feder and Hell, JCTB 1998]. We explore the complexity of the problem parameterized by the treewidth tw(G) of the input graph G. If a tree decomposition of G of width tw(G) is given in the input, then the problem can be solved in time |V(H)|^{tw(G)} n^{O(1)} by naive dynamic programming. Our main result completely reveals when and by exactly how much this naive algorithm can be improved. We introduce a simple combinatorial invariant i^*(H), which is based on the existence of decompositions and incomparable sets, and show that this number should appear as the base of the exponent in the best possible running time. Specifically, we prove for every fixed non-interval graph H that * If a tree decomposition of width tw(G) is given in the input, then the problem can be solved in time i^*(H)^{tw(G)} n^{O(1)}. * Assuming the Strong Exponential-Time Hypothesis (SETH), the probem cannot be solved in time (i^*(H)-epsilon)^{tw(G)} n^{O(1)} for any epsilon>0. Thus by matching upper and lower bounds, our result exactly characterizes for every fixed H the complexity of reflexive LHom(H) parameterized by treewidth.
Cite as

László Egri, Dániel Marx, and Pawel Rzazewski. Finding List Homomorphisms from Bounded-treewidth Graphs to Reflexive Graphs: a Complete Complexity Characterization. In 35th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 96, pp. 27:1-27:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{egri_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2018.27,
  author =	{Egri, L\'{a}szl\'{o} and Marx, D\'{a}niel and Rzazewski, Pawel},
  title =	{{Finding List Homomorphisms from Bounded-treewidth Graphs to Reflexive Graphs: a Complete Complexity Characterization}},
  booktitle =	{35th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2018)},
  pages =	{27:1--27:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-062-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{96},
  editor =	{Niedermeier, Rolf and Vall\'{e}e, Brigitte},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2018.27},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-84867},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2018.27},
  annote =	{Keywords: graph homomorphism, list homomorphism, reflexive graph, treewidth}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2017.18
Fine-Grained Complexity of Coloring Unit Disks and Balls

Authors: Csaba Biró, Édouard Bonnet, Dániel Marx, Tillmann Miltzow, and Pawel Rzazewski

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 77, 33rd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2017)

Abstract
On planar graphs, many classic algorithmic problems enjoy a certain "square root phenomenon" and can be solved significantly faster than what is known to be possible on general graphs: for example, Independent Set, 3-Coloring, Hamiltonian Cycle, Dominating Set can be solved in time 2^O(sqrt{n}) on an n-vertex planar graph, while no 2^o(n) algorithms exist for general graphs, assuming the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH). The square root in the exponent seems to be best possible for planar graphs: assuming the ETH, the running time for these problems cannot be improved to 2^o(sqrt{n}). In some cases, a similar speedup can be obtained for 2-dimensional geometric problems, for example, there are 2^O(sqrt{n}log n) time algorithms for Independent Set on unit disk graphs or for TSP on 2-dimensional point sets. In this paper, we explore whether such a speedup is possible for geometric coloring problems. On the one hand, geometric objects can behave similarly to planar graphs: 3-Coloring can be solved in time 2^O(sqrt{n}) on the intersection graph of n unit disks in the plane and, assuming the ETH, there is no such algorithm with running time 2^o(sqrt{n}). On the other hand, if the number L of colors is part of the input, then no such speedup is possible: Coloring the intersection graph of n unit disks with L colors cannot be solved in time 2^o(n), assuming the ETH. More precisely, we exhibit a smooth increase of complexity as the number L of colors increases: If we restrict the number of colors to L=Theta(n^alpha) for some 0<=alpha<=1, then the problem of coloring the intersection graph of n unit disks with L colors * can be solved in time exp(O(n^{{1+alpha}/2}log n))=exp( O(sqrt{nL}log n)), and * cannot be solved in time exp(o(n^{{1+alpha}/2}))=exp(o(sqrt{nL})), unless the ETH fails. More generally, we consider the problem of coloring d-dimensional unit balls in the Euclidean space and obtain analogous results showing that the problem * can be solved in time exp(O(n^{{d-1+alpha}/d}log n))=exp(O(n^{1-1/d}L^{1/d}log n)), and * cannot be solved in time exp(n^{{d-1+alpha}/d-epsilon})= exp (O(n^{1-1/d-epsilon}L^{1/d})) for any epsilon>0, unless the ETH fails.
Cite as

Csaba Biró, Édouard Bonnet, Dániel Marx, Tillmann Miltzow, and Pawel Rzazewski. Fine-Grained Complexity of Coloring Unit Disks and Balls. In 33rd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 77, pp. 18:1-18:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{biro_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2017.18,
  author =	{Bir\'{o}, Csaba and Bonnet, \'{E}douard and Marx, D\'{a}niel and Miltzow, Tillmann and Rzazewski, Pawel},
  title =	{{Fine-Grained Complexity of Coloring Unit Disks and Balls}},
  booktitle =	{33rd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2017)},
  pages =	{18:1--18:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-038-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{77},
  editor =	{Aronov, Boris and Katz, Matthew J.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2017.18},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-71800},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2017.18},
  annote =	{Keywords: unit disk graphs, unit ball graphs, coloring, exact algorithm}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2017.16
Complexity of Token Swapping and its Variants

Authors: Édouard Bonnet, Tillmann Miltzow, and Pawel Rzazewski

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 66, 34th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2017)

Abstract
In the Token Swapping problem we are given a graph with a token placed on each vertex. Each token has exactly one destination vertex, and we try to move all the tokens to their destinations, using the minimum number of swaps, i.e., operations of exchanging the tokens on two adjacent vertices. As the main result of this paper, we show that Token Swapping is W[1]-hard parameterized by the length k of a shortest sequence of swaps. In fact, we prove that, for any computable function f, it cannot be solved in time f(k)*n^(o(k / log k)) where n is the number of vertices of the input graph, unless the ETH fails. This lower bound almost matches the trivial n^O(k)-time algorithm. We also consider two generalizations of the Token Swapping, namely Colored Token Swapping (where the tokens have colors and tokens of the same color are indistinguishable), and Subset Token Swapping (where each token has a set of possible destinations). To complement the hardness result, we prove that even the most general variant, Subset Token Swapping, is FPT in nowhere-dense graph classes. Finally, we consider the complexities of all three problems in very restricted classes of graphs: graphs of bounded treewidth and diameter, stars, cliques, and paths, trying to identify the borderlines between polynomial and NP-hard cases.
Cite as

Édouard Bonnet, Tillmann Miltzow, and Pawel Rzazewski. Complexity of Token Swapping and its Variants. In 34th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 66, pp. 16:1-16:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{bonnet_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2017.16,
  author =	{Bonnet, \'{E}douard and Miltzow, Tillmann and Rzazewski, Pawel},
  title =	{{Complexity of Token Swapping and its Variants}},
  booktitle =	{34th Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2017)},
  pages =	{16:1--16:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-028-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{66},
  editor =	{Vollmer, Heribert and Vall\'{e}e, Brigitte},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2017.16},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-70185},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2017.16},
  annote =	{Keywords: token swapping, parameterized complexity, NP-hardness, W\lbrack1\rbrack-hardness}
}
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